Resolução pacífica de controvérsias internacionais: um estudo de caso sobre a disputa entre a Macedônia do Norte e a Grécia

Abstract

This present study aims to understand the operation of the principle of peaceful settlement of international disputes, by examining the negotiation process between North Macedonia and Greece regarding the name and cultural symbols dispute, which began in 1992 after the independence of the former and its desire to be recognized as the Republic of Macedonia, clashing Greek interests. The theme is important to the international community for three reasons: its duration, taking 27 years to be resolved; its strictly peaceful character, neither force being used by either party at any time; and the destabilizing capacity of the controversy, which may call into question the fragile balance of the Balkans. In analysing the operation of the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes, which expressly prohibits the use of force for dispute resolution, the instruments used by the parties were negotiation, mediation and good offices. This research drew on reports and documents from the UN - particularly the Security Council -, the US and the EU, as well as academic and think tank articles. In conclusion, the entire controversy was settled peacefully. However, although it was a peaceful dispute, it was not entirely friendly, with moments of increasing clashes and deteriorating diplomatic relations. Intervention by third parties - peacemakers and international organizations - was essential in overcoming domestic political obstacles and the successful resolution of the dispute.