Atores não estatais-violentos no Brasil como desafios à paz: um estudo de caso sobre o conflito entre Comando Vermelho e Primeiro Comando da Capital (2016-2018)

Abstract

2016 was a historic year for Brazilian public security as it reached terrifying levels of violence. One of the crucial factors for this was the disruption between the country's two largest organized crime groups, the Primeiro Comando da Capital and the Comando Vermelho, which intensified their efforts to expand their markets and gain greater control over major trafficking routes with expansion strategies that have become conflicting, generating friction reflected throughout the country. This case study seeks to understand how this conflict between the two brazilian factions represented an obstacle in peace building by spreading violence throughout the country, having as a timeframe from 2016 to 2018, the year of intensification of the conflict and its relaxation, respectively. In this sense, it starts from a bibliographical review of the theoretical reference of the Studies for Peace, in order to establish the basic conceptualization of peace and violence that guided the development of the contextual analysis of violence in Brazil and the South American region, with emphasis on violent non-state actors through the Transnational Organized Crime. The methodology used for this was qualitative, exploratory, with the development of a case study that used local and international media, official government and think-tank reports, as well as a literature review of the conflict and its theoretical frameworks. Given this, it is concluded that criminal organizations arise in the context of intense cultural and structural violence, and become propagators of it, further intensifying direct violence. Thus, a conflict between two factions by market has been able to take historical proportions, while the state is unable to have any prospect of overcoming this problem.