Fatores de risco associados à hipertensão em gestantes

Abstract

Most of the problems related to women’s health, which are responsible for the higher incidence of diseases and mortality rates, occur during the reproductive period, especially during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium due to the intense changes that occur during this period, especially in the gestation. Among the most frequent complications in pregnancy, hypertensive syndromes are identified, being the first cause of maternal mortality in Brazil and main responsible for the high rate of perinatal deaths, in addition to the growing number of sequelae neonates. Maternal mortality is an indicator of health and economic impact that impacts the lives of the people who are in their environment. Since hypertension is the first cause of maternal death, absolutely avoidable, this study aimed to study the risk factors associated with hypertension in pregnant women. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative approach. The sample consisted of 254 pregnant women in prenatal care at the Family Health Units (USF) and at the High Risk Outpatient Clinic of the Cândida Vargas Institute (ICV), a reference in Health Care in High Risk Pregnancy, both services located in the municipality of João Pessoa-PB. The data were collected during the months of October to December 2018. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics through SPSS software and the construction of the Decision Tree model was done through WEKA software (WaikatoEnvironmentforKnowledgeAnalysis).The results showed that the risk factors are involved in the development of arterial hypertension in pregnant women, as well as the identification of the explanatory power of the factors in relation to the outcome by calculating the Information Value (IV). The factors present in the decision tree were: chronic hypertension, history of hypertensive syndrome in gestation, gestational diabetes, low income, black race, low socioeconomic level and overweight or obesity. On the other hand, the significant risk factors according to Odds Ratio with force majeure according to IV were: history of hypertensive syndrome in pregnancy and chronic hypertension; mean degree: gestational diabetes, overweight or obesity, family history of HAC, number of prenatal consultations <6, and history of gestational diabetes; family history of diabetes mellitus reached a weak degree. It was concluded that numerous risk factors contribute to the occurrence of hypertensive syndromes during pregnancy. The factors that most influence the appearance of hypertensive syndromes should be better evaluated and diagnosed by the health professionals as soon as possible in order to contribute to the reduction of maternal morbidity and mortality due to hypertensive causes, offering better assistance during prenatal care, resulting in a favorable postpartum outcome for both mother and child.