Plantas medicinais comprovadas cientificamente como antidiarreicas: uma revisão.

Abstract

Diarrhea is a multifactorial syndrome, characterized by the occurrence of three or more defecated defecations within 24 hours. There are three categories of the disease: acute watery, dysenteric and persistent. It has a high incidence, being an important cause in the world morbimortality. The main treatment for diarrhea is oral rehydration therapy. Pharmacological treatment consists of the use of absorbing agents, adsorbent agents, prostaglandin inhibitors, bismuth compounds, probiotics, bile acid sequestrants, antisecretors and antimotility, however, there is a need to discover new treatments, with emphasis on medicinal plants. Therefore, the aim of this work was to gather technical-scientific information on medicinal plants used as a possible pharmacological intervention for the treatment of diarrhea. In this view, inclusion criteria were included in the composition of the sample full articles published between January 2015 and December 2017 in the Google Scholar, Pubmed and Science Direct databases, using the descriptors "antidiarrheal", "medicinal plants" and "castor oil " in portuguese; and "antidiarrheal", "medicinal plants", "castor oil" in english. The articles that met the inclusion criteria totaled 106 articles, the highest number recorded in 2015 with a total of 44 scientific articles. Among the plants mentioned, some are common in the Northeast region of Brazil and are present in RENISUS, such as Psidium guajava, Anacardium occidentale, Punica granatum and Solanum paniculatum. Psidium guajava were used the leaves and their effect occurred by the reduction of gastrointestinal motility. Anacardium occidentale was used the gum of the plant and in its effect there was a reduction of the accumulation of liquid concomitantly with decrease of the intestinal motility. Punica granatum the parts used were the fruits, and their effect occurred by reducing the intestinal transit. Solanum paniculatum were also used the fruits and in the effect there was a decrease in the accumulation of intestinal fluid together with the reduction of intestinal transit. Even though several parts are being used, the leaves are the ones that were most referenced, possibly because of their easy access, and it is not necessary to kill the plant to obtain the vegetal extract. Therefore, based on this review, it can be concluded that there is a great importance in the study of medicinal plants, especially those with reported antidiarrheal activity and that are part of RENISUS, since they only present medicinal value when used correctly, being necessary studies and their pharmacological properties for the scientific basis and support of safe use.