Revisão sistemática sobre trombofilia na gestação: profilaxia, diagnóstico laboratorial e tratamento.

Abstract

Thrombophilias are hemostatic disorders with an elevation of the tendency to thromboembolic processes, classified as inherited and acquired. They affect approximately 15% of the caucasian population predisposed to thrombotic processes. It is among the main causes of maternal morbidity and mortality in the gestational period, where the risk of its occurrence increases five to ten times when compared to non-pregnant women of the same age. This study objectives to carry out a systematic review, covering scientific and periodical articles, between 2007 and 2017, considering publications available in the Medline and Lilacs databases, through the Pubmed and Scielo searches, related to this issue, since the prophylaxis and laboratory diagnosis until the therapeutic approach, considering possible impacts of thrombophilia to the risk or success of pregnancy. 19 studies were selected, where 15 addressed laboratory diagnosis and/or treatment and 4 on prophylaxis. Prevalence was observed for antiphospholipid syndrome, followed by Leiden's Factor V, protein S deficiency, antithrombin and protein C, as well as other confirmed diagnoses for MTHFR, mutation of the prothrombin gene and hyperhomocysteine. With treatment made with LMWH + ASA by the majority of the population present in the articles, followed by other alternatives for therapy and prophylaxis. It is significant the number of existing cases for this problem and its possible complications, but it is possible to observe the great shortage of studies with clear and organized reports about them, being an early diagnosis and an appropriate treatment in cases of positivity.