Potencial produtivo de diferentes genótipos de Sorgo.

Abstract

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a plant of the Poaceae family with great economic importance in arid and semi-arid regions and has a great capacity to adapt to the most adverse conditions possible. Considered the fifth cereal in world production (FAO, 2010) preceded only by corn, wheat, rice and barley. Its cultivation requires few water resources due to the physiological characteristics that this plant has in relation to the other species of its family. The types of sorghum most commercially used are graniferous, forage, saccharine, broom. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of forage and grain sorghum at different sowing depths. The experiment was conducted in Areia, in the state of Paraíba, between 2019 and 2020, in a randomized block design, with four replications, and a 6 × 3 factorial scheme in subdivided plots, with a cultivation cycle. The plots were composed of six sorghum genotypes: IPA SF 15, SS318, IPA 467-4-2 (with potential for forage use) and IPA 1011, 50A10, 1G 100 (graniferous); and the subplots consisted of three seed deposition depths (2, 4 and 6 cm). Daily readings were taken from seedling emergence to stabilization. From these data, the variables were calculated: emergency (E), emergency speed index (IVE) and average emergency time (TME). At harvest, at 85 days for granifers and 110 days for sowing forages, the average plant height, stem diameter, number of expanded leaves, dry mass yield of the aerial part and grains were measured. Of the genotypes studied, whether for forage or grain production, SS318 is the most productive forage, while 1G100, the highest yielding grain. The sowing depth of 4 cm is the most suitable for the studied genotypes.