Avaliação regional da exploração de lenha e seu uso na indústria de cerâmica vermelha na Paraíba

Abstract

Firewood is an important energy resource for the Paraíba State economy, as it is a low-cost source of fuel widely used by many segments of the industrial sector. This dissertation evaluated the regional and environmental issues of firewood exploitation and its use in the red ceramic industry in Paraíba, from 1990 to 2016. As an empirical strategy, it uses regression with panel data, purely spatial scan statistics, concentration and mitigated the CO2 emissions generated by the industries of red ceramics, by means of estimation of reforested areas. The main results were; negatively impacts on rainfall, since the temperature positively influences the exploitation of firewood in the state. The municipalities belonging to the Backwoods and Borborema mesoregions are more impacted by climatic variables and present higher levels of logging compared to the other mesoregions. There was detection of wood production cluster, and in 1990 and 2000, the highest number of cases were concentrated in the Backwoods do Paraíba meso-region. In 2010 and 2016, the highest levels of firewood production belonged to Borborema mesoregion. The concentration ratio of the number of red ceramic industries in the state of Paraíba, CR(4) and CR(8), for municipalities presented a moderately low concentration and for the microregions a moderately high to very high concentration. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) has demonstrated a highly competitive market. The Entropia of Theil (E) municipal, microregional and mesoregional of Paraíba indicated a non-concentration market, corroborating with HHI analyzes. The Gini coefficient (G) showed strong inequality in the municipalities and microregions, and weak to average inequality for the mesoregions. The average of the specific consumption per ceramic industry studied was 0.75 st/mil. The industries issued a total of 890.293 kgCO2-eq / year. The areas required for CO2 mitigation per industry varied between 1,000 and 15,549 ha of reforestation, depending on the forest species used. Keywords: Climate variables; Firewood