Hospitalização de pessoas vivendo com HIV e AIDS : uma análise de prevalência, risco e fatores associados

Abstract

AIDS is recognized as a chronic condition due to its persistence over time, with the evolution of diagnostic and treatment strategies, the survival and quality of life of infected people increased and gave rise to new challenges, such as the reduction of clinical outcomes such as hospitalizations. The objective of the study was to analyze hospitalizations of people living with HIV / AIDS from the perspective of time, prevalence and associated factors. An epidemiological, descriptive, retrospective study with a sample of 200 medical records of people living with HIV / AIDS, accompanied by a specialized service. Descriptive analysis, prevalence study, and survival estimation were performed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator, Weibull parametric model, and Cox semi-parametric model. Approval of the Ethics and Research Committee CAEE 89036818.0.0000.5188. A predominance of males, aged between 40 and 59 years, heterosexuals, pardos, singles, schooling up to eight years of schooling and economically active were observed. Hospitalization was prevalent in unmarried/widowed/divorced individuals, with no schooling, heterosexuals, alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, psychotropics, psychiatric history, discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy, less than 350 T-CD4 + lymphocytes, detectable viral load and higher numbers of opportunistic diseases and clinical manifestations. There were significant differences in the time between diagnosis and hospitalization, regarding age, sexual orientation, a record of discontinuation of therapy and the number of medical and multidisciplinary appointments. The Weibull model presented as a significant covariate the record of discontinuation of therapy. In the Cox model, the variables occupancy, alcohol, and psychotropic use, T-CD4 + lymphocyte count, viral load and psychiatric history were significant to explain the risk of hospitalization. The knowledge of risk factors for hospitalization makes it possible to understand the issues that permeate this outcome and may assist in the planning of care actions in a preventive perspective, making it possible to ascertain the limitations of outpatient treatment in the control of the infection and its aggravations.