Políticas públicas de enfrentamento às organizações criminosas no sistema prisional do município de João Pessoa-PB: uma análise sob a ótica da segurança dinâmica

Abstract

Throughout the course of human history, the way to punish offenders who violated current rules has always sparked controversy. At the end of the 18th century, prison was consolidated as the main penalty, gradually removing corporal punishment. In most countries, incarceration has always been antagonistic to the preservation of human rights. In Brazil, systematic violations of human dignity within the prison system have created an environment favorable to the emergence and expansion of criminal organizations, which challenge the state's sovereignty. This type of criminality started, in the late 1970s, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, with the Red Command. In 1993, inspired by Cariocas, the First Command of the Capital emerged in São Paulo. These two models influenced the creation of other organizations in the national territory, generating concern for the public security of the Federation's entities. This dissertation, focusing on the state of Paraíba, aims to discuss the application of dynamic security as an instrument for preserving human dignity and confronting criminal organizations in the prison context. It takes care of a set of routines and procedures aimed at promoting the security and stability of prisons, through positive interaction between civil servants and prisoners, creating a relationship of trust and mutual respect, in addition to providing a list of public policies aimed at preparing the prisoner for social return. With this, the agents come to have effective knowledge about the behavior of each prisoner, increasing the ability to predict risk situations. In this sense, the priority is not only focused on physical security, on bars, padlocks and cameras, but also on prevention based on harmonious relationships and the provision of essential services. Considering the need to assess the appropriate conditions for implementing this security model, an analysis of the profile of the Brazilian prison population was carried out, especially with regard to the main prison units in the municipality of João Pessoa-PB. Statistics showed overcrowding, lack of human resources, lack of public policies and essential services related to the areas of education, health and work. Furthermore, the criminal selectivity of the Brazilian public security policy was evident, given that the majority of prisoners are young, black, with low education and prosecuted for crimes related to drug trafficking. For this reason, in order to introduce dynamic security in the Paraiba prison system, it is necessary to overcome challenges, such as the change in the doctrine of the management of the units, for the time being very focused on the concepts of the police forces, restructure the staff, design new penitentiaries with compatible spaces, attract public policies from other spheres to the prison routine. The work that follows was developed through a qualitative approach, making use of the scientific dialectical method, through bibliographic and documentary technical procedures. The literature used was multidisciplinary, with theorists from the areas of Law, Criminology, History and Sociology