Gênero, direitos humanos e desenvolvimento: a atuação das Nações Unidas em prol de minorias LGBTI+

Abstract

Over the last few decades, gender equality has been gaining significance in debates regarding our society and its various aspects taking into consideration, above all, the conquest of new spaces and equal rights in the face of oppression by patriarchy. In addition to the commonly visible disparities between female and male sexes, LGBTI+ groups are often harassed for not complying with gender and sexuality standards, also suffering various types of violence. Lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transgender, and intersex people sometimes end up unnoticed among the recurrent dilemmas of the international arena and are little investigated by international relations. Even though they are considered recent in this discipline - with these discussions being established in the field in the late 2000s, the LGBTI+ community contributes greatly to the understanding of gender and power relations and, consequently, to the deconstruction of some of the paradigms that surround the international system as a whole. Formulated under a focused approach to gender studies and RI, the present research proposes a dialogue on the situation faced by LGBTI+ communities around the world, making a connection between exhibition and bibliographic analysis, visual and audiovisual. With the United Nations as the primary international entity responsible for maintaining peace and social progress, I attempt to explore its mechanisms of promotion of LGBTI+ rights, entering the fields of human rights and development. To this end, I examine how the Organization outlines its assistance plan for LGBTI+ minorities, acting through bodies and agencies responsible for creating global campaigns and projects, pointing out violations against LGBTI+ persons, as well as making recommendations to States to comply with international standards for the protection of human rights. Furthermore, I identify some points omitted by the UN within this issue, analyzing how the sustainable development agendas were structured to contribute to promote gender equality. I question some contrasts notable in the agendas themselves and in the way in which the ideal of development is promoted in relation to the LGBTI+ community.