Batman dos quadrinhos para o cinema: as traduções intersemióticas do gênero super-herói e sua classificação

Abstract

In 2019, Batman completed 80 years of existence, demonstrating the relevance of a character that has been tranlated numerous times from comics to other media, including cinema, in which his first appearance occurred just four years after his creation, in 1943, and remained being translated numerous times over the years, representing, therefore, the trajectory of intersemiotic translations of the superhero genre for the media. Intersemiotic translations is a process by which signs (according to Semiotics, everything that can be perceived and interpreted) are transposed, reconfigured and resignified from one author to another or from one media to another, which can be more or less close to the reference(s). Plaza classifies the translations, through the increasing level of proximity, as symbolic, iconic and indicative translations. For this work, we propose a rereading of this classification more directly relatec to the level of apprehension of the sign according to Peirce (icon, index and symbol, respectively), so that, in na increasing level of apprehension of the sign of the reference bby translation, we have na iconic translation, index translation and symbolic translation. For each of these translations of the proposal, it is related to the analysis of a Batman film (these three being representatives of the general trajectory of the character in the cinema): “Batman” (1943) as an iconic translation, “Batman” (1989) as an indicial translation and “Batman v Superman: dawn of justice” (2016) as a symbolic translation. Finally, in addition to understanding the types of translation through the rereading proposal, it aims to understand the trajectory of construction and consolidation of signs, as well as operationalities, Batman and the superhero genre amid the translation processes between comics and cinema.