Análise de processos erosivos na zona urbana do município de Garanhuns - PE

Abstract

This research sought to explain and understand not only the behavior of erosive processes in the urban zone of the area in question but also what interactions exist between these and local anthropic action, through the systemic theoretical model and the laws and concepts provided by the general theory of systems. The hypothesis chosen to guide the research is that anthropic action would be acting as an intensifier agent of what is considered a naturally occurring element, the erosive process. This study is justified by its social importance, since, by analyzing erosive processes in urban areas, it will serve as theoretical and scientific support for municipal or state management, so that they can intervene in the fragility pictures located through the results presented here. The work sought to identify samples of advancing erosive processes in the urban area of the municipality, through aerophotogrammetry, since, according to the bibliography consulted in the promotion of the research, such targets are considered small when it comes to the potential use of traditional tools. Therefore, the use of aerophotogrammetry was crucial both to define the targets and to better analyze them, aiming to perform an integrated analysis of natural and social aspects in the municipality of Garanhuns, State of Pernambuco, nowadays. Remote sensing and geoprocessing, through the digital processing of images, acted as very effective tools for obtaining the information discussed throughout the research. The fieldwork added veracity to the data analyzed, since, through it, it was possible to perceive more clearly the reality presented in the computational environment, and to observe in loco the relationship between human action and the erosive processes, thus making it possible to concretize the guiding hypothesis. This was possible because it was observed in the field that the population does not take the necessary care with erosive processes, having attitudes that intensify them even more, such as, for example, irregular constructions, garbage accumulation, and improper occupations. Finally, through a historical survey of the urban occupation of the municipality, as well as the cartographic analysis of its natural features, it was possible to verify that Garanhuns is naturally prone to erosive processes, given that factors such as climate, rainfall, slope, soil type, among others, end up creating a naturally favorable environment, not only for the emergence, but also for the advancement of these processes, and anthropic action, in turn, acts as an intensifier agent of this natural process. In this way, the research hypothesis was proven, and the work leaves as a scientific contribution a mapping of morphological risk to erosion in the urban area of the city, so that the next attitudes that can be taken by the population, academy or public power in order to mitigate or understand the possible damages from these advances in erosive processes are more assertive and theoretically and scientifically based.