Identificação do perfil de resistência antimicrobiana de cepas do gênero Staphylococcus SPP. oriundas de casos de mastite em rebanhos leiteiros do agreste paraibano

Abstract

The dairy cattle farming has great relevance to brazilian economy, as the country is the third largest milk producer in the world and considering that this activity is the main source of income to many brazilian families. There is still the absence of public policy both national and regional to assist the producers, which generates adversities to the dairy farming, mainly to the small producers. The adversities that stand out the most are mastitis and the consequent spread of pathogens with high chances of showing multi resistance to antimicrobials, being the genus of Staphylococcus spp. the main representative of this group. Due to this, the aim of this study is to identify the frequency and characterize the resistance profile of the bacteria of the Staphylococcus spp. genus involved in cases of bovine mastitis with the perspective of make the dairy producers of the region aware of the consequences of the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials into the dairy cattle farming. Therefore, Cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis from farms in the agreste region of Paraíba, were selected to collect infected teat samples. After that, they were submitted to identification tests of the genus by phenotypic methods through microbiological culture and morphotintorial analysis using the Gram technique and visualization under an optical microscope thus distinguishing the samples referring to the genus Staphylococcus spp. After careful investigation it was found that the most present bacteria species was the S. aureus with a frequency of 83.33% being found in all properties evaluated, thus demonstrating how this insidious pathogen is disseminated by herds in the region agreste of Paraíba. Following up on the study, it was observed that S. chromogenes was the second most frequent (8.33%), followed by S. epidermidis (5%) and, finally, S. sciuri (3.33%). However, even though these species are known to be capable of being multiresistant, none of the strains found showed resistance against more than 3 groups of antimicrobials. Nevertheless, four MRSA strains were identified, in addition to two SCNRO, both S. epidermidis, phenotypically suggesting the presence of genes associated with bacterial multi-resistance in dairy properties in the agreste region of Paraíba. In addition, the most efficient antimicrobials were drugs indicated for the treatment of humans with severe cases of infection, so their use in production animals should be avoided. Furthermore, it is evident that the presence of mastitis caused by these pathogens affects the entire production chain, once that it can be associated since the losses that the producer suffers until the dissemination of bacteria with genes associated with antimicrobial multiresistance. Therefore, more importance should be attributed to the control of subclinical mastitis, of contagious origin, and the adherence to simple hygiene and management practices.