Frequência e distribuição da leishmaniose visceral canina no município de Areia no ano de 2017

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis, caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, species L. infantum chagasi, whose transmission occurs through a vector, a phlebotomine insect of the species Lutzomyia longipalpis, which the dog is the main reservoir and source of infection of the agent in the urban environment. Monitoring the occurrence of infection in dogs is important for establishing prophylaxis and disease control actions. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the frequency and spatial distribution of cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis (LVC) in the municipality of Areia, in the year 2017. The study was developed in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba. A descriptive, cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out, using secondary data from the LVC monitoring actions carried out by the epidemiological surveillance of the municipality of Areia. Through home visits to communities, predominantly in rural areas, a diagnostic test of the disease was carried out. The animals were first submitted to the screening test, the TR DPP ® (BioManguinhos), followed by confirmation of the reagents by the ELISA test. With the results collected, through the tests and the geographic coordinates of each locality, maps of spatial distribution of the cases of LVC in the municipality were made, with the aid of the free GIS program (Geographic Information System) QGIS, version 3.2. By estimating the kernel density, the risk areas of the disease were determined and expressed on maps. Of the 21 locations participating in the study, one belonged to the urban area and 20 belonged to the rural area. A total of 684 canines were tested, which in the screening test, 133 (19.44%) had seroreagents, of which 125 were submitted to a confirmatory test (ELISA), obtaining 39 (31.20%) were reactive, being considered positive when both tests, in sequence, were reactive. Therefore, the prevalence of CVL in Areia in 2017 was 5.70% (39/684), with all positives located in the rural area. The analysis of the Kernel density showed two risk locations for leishmaniasis, with higher concentrations of cases in the Angelim and Engenho Santa Irene locations. Therefore, the study made it possible to determine the seroprevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, in the year 2017, as well as delimiting the areas of risk of disease transmission, which may support the control programs for Visceral Leishmaniasis and serve as a basis for other studies in the area. with higher concentrations of cases in the Angelim and Engenho Santa Irene locations. Therefore, the study made it possible to determine the seroprevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the municipality of Areia, Paraíba, in the year 2017, as well as delimiting the areas of risk of disease transmission, which may support the control programs for Visceral Leishmaniasis and serve as a basis for other studies in the area.