Identificação de áreas propensas a inundação e análise da vulnerabilidade socioambiental na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Cuiá/João Pessoa/PB

Abstract

Extreme events related to natural phenomena have caused serious problems for mankind, resulting in: material and environmental damage, a temporary break in economic activities and even loss of life. The objective of this study was to assess a socio-environmental vulnerability to the risk of disasters due to flooding in the Cuiá River Basin (BHRC), João Pessoa, Paraíba. The maps of areas susceptible to flooding with different spatial resolutions were generated by the descriptor model of the height Height above the nearest drainage (HAND), from Digital Elevation Models, and processed by the TerraView and QGIS software. The socioeconomic profile was also spatialized in the QGIS for each existing sector, using information from the census sectors available in the 2010, demographic census with its relevant sociodemographic indicators. From the generated maps, it was observed that the flood spots were concentrated in the South and West regions of BHRC. Of the neighborhoods present in this one, the ones that spill the most flood spots, as well as the most areas classified as “high” and “very high” risks were: Ernesto Geisel, Colinas do Sul, Gramame, Novo Milênio, Valentina de Figueiredo and Muçumagro. The overlapping of the social vulnerability map with the areas most susceptible to flooding according to the neighborhoods that provide the most attention: Nova Mangabeira, Novo Milênio, Novo Geisel. These neighborhoods are part of the “middle” class of social vulnerability associated with the first two classes of the HAND map. Studies like this seek sustainability in its three dimensions (environmental, economic and social), understanding the role of the researcher in society, aiming to contribute to regional development.