Análise dos dispositivos auxiliares de locomoção na paralisia cerebral : uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Abstract: Auxiliary locomotion devices are indicated to support and / or assist the mobility of people who have permanent physical limitations or for a certain time to perform their activities of daily living. The indication of these devices in physical disabilities arising from Cerebral Palsy has been a routine in the services that provide assistance to this population segment. The objective of this study was to identify, in academic studies, which devices are indicated to assist the mobility of children with physical disabilities having the etiological factor (CP) as their etiological factor. It was an integrative review, carried out in six distinct stages: identification of the theme and selection of the research question; establishment of inclusion and exclusion criteria; Identification of pre-selected and selected studies; categorization of selected studies; analysis and interpretation of results and presentation of the review / synthesis of knowledge in the period from June to July 2020.The selected descriptors were: “Cerebral Palsy” AND “Equipment” AND "Locomotion", which were searched in the PubMed databases, VHL, PeDRO and CAPES journals. The requirements used to include the articles were: studies in English and Portuguese; studies that include articles, theses and dissertations; studies are small children. Articles were excluded: repeated in the databases and studies without physiotherapeutic application, fulfilling the requirements of the eligibility criteria 20 articles. Results: 491 articles on the theme were found, after analyzing the content, only 20 articles were selected. Of the 20 articles, the devices that emerged predominantly in their indication for use were the AFO orthoses, corresponding to most studies (n = 11), followed by the mat with support (n = 3), walking sticks and tripod (n = 1) , wheelchairs (n = 1), insoles (n = 1), neuroprostheses (n = 1), skeletal axis (n = 1) and robotic body (n = 1). Conclusion: The indication of assistive devices for locomotion to people with disabilities due to Cerebral Palsy sequela requires a prior assessment of mobility limitations in the different degrees of motor impairment that is common in this type of injury. The study highlights the importance of assessing and considering the weaknesses and potential of each patient based on clinical and functional decision-making for the prescription of the device that enables functional positioning and mobility during the ADAs. A gap was identified to indicate the initial age of the use of equipment, which would be extremely important for an early and effective treatment. The need for research with a greater number of subjects is reinforced, observing the relationship between the use of devices, greater mobility in ADLs with an improvement in the quality of life of this population segment.