A ocorrência das espécies do gênero Mazama em unidades de conservação influencia no seu uso? Uma revisão sistemática sobre o uso na América Latina

Abstract

The genus Mazama is composed by 10 deer species distributed from Mexico to central Argentina, of which 6 are classified as vulnerable and 8 show a pattern of population decline, according to the IUCN. These animals, along with other species, are important resources for economically vulnerable populations, evidencing the relevance of Ethnozoology for conservation. The aim of the study was to investigate the cultural and/or ecological factors that influence the use of the genus Mazama by different human groups, located in Protectedand Non-Protected Areas and Indigenous Territories in Latin America. A systematic review was carried out on the JStor, Scielo, Science Direct and Web of Science platforms using the keywords Mazama, Local Ecological Knowledge and Ethnozoology. 72 articles that mentioned the group were compiled, of which 25 were carried out in a protected area (PA) or indigenous territory in 9 Latin American countries. The main category of use found was food, followed by medicinal, both in PA and abroad. The third most relevant category outside PAs was the category ‘Other Uses’, such as commerce and mascot, while in the PAs it was the handicraft category. M. americana was the species with the greatest number of studies and the greatest diversity of uses, and the species M. brucenii and M. chunyi were not mentioned. The use of species is related to the perceived abundance of the resource and cultural factors, such as preference for the taste of meat and appreciation for hunting activity. An important issue that limits studies with Mazama species is the difficulty in correctly identifying the species, and this can be considered in future studies.