A educação em direitos humanos no processo de formação da polícia civil da Paraíba: contribuições e possibilidades no controle e combate da violência

Abstract

The scenario of violence in Brazil comes from its colonization process, in which, over time, situations took on new formats, requiring a configuration for Public Security in this country, from institutions such as, a priori, the National Guard, to the formation of police institutions in their various instances. In order to protect the State, the police was being shaped from a truculent idea of maintaining order through the use of force, which required the inclusion of public policies that could raise awareness, sensitize and train more prepared police officers through the so-called Human Rights Education. In this sense, this research has as subject the civil police of the State of Paraíba and as research object the training in Human Rights of the Police Training Courses held by the Police Education Academy of Paraíba (ACADEPOL/PB), between the years 1988 to 2014. In this context, the following research question arises: What are the impacts of inserting the theme of Human Rights in the Civil Police Training and Qualification Course and how it should be approached, taking into account the Action Plans for Education in Human Rights, with a view to enabling students’ critical reflection in your functional performance? As a hypothesis, it is assumed that the Training Courses of the Civil Police started to include curricular components of Human Rights, but, despite their restructuring, they still do so in an insufficient way. Taking this situation into account, the objective was to analyze the configuration of the teaching plans of these formations, identifying the presence of elements of Education in Human Rights, mainly in the Training Programs carried out from 2003 when the National Curriculum Matrix (NCM) was created to guide the training actions of professionals in the area, becoming a milestone in the formation and training of the Security Forces. To fulfill the proposed objectives, this research is characterized by the qualitative approach, based on a document and bibliographic review, added to a semi-structured interview guided by a questionnaire applied to civil police officers online. Positive and negative continuities and ruptures during these formations were identified, which helped to bring meaningful contributions to future learning processes from this combination between what is written and what was experienced by the subjects. The research pointed out that the inclusion of Human Rights in Training Programs was only introduced after the Federal Constitution of 1988 and that, in the state of Paraíba, this Training only took place from 2003, after the approval of the NCM, as well as the National Action Plan on Human Rights (NAPHR) and the National Action Plans for Human Rights Education (NAPHRE); it also pointed out the importance of curricular components of Human Rights in the Traning and Continuing Qualification Courses of the Civil Police of the state of Paraíba. As a result, it was possible to present a scenario that has already been modified, given the more conscious reports, as well as the adherence to courses on Human Rights in recent years by civil police officers, presented in the ACADEPOL/PB reports. However, a collective work for the insertion of culture on and for Human Rights still needs to be more appropriate so that it becomes naturalized not only in discourse but mainly in practice.