Pacto pela vida: programa de enfrentamento à violência letal no Estado da Bahia

Abstract

The present work studies the public security policy of the state of Bahia, highlighting the Pacto Pela Vida (PPV) Program, created in 2011. The PPV is configured as a government intervention in crimes against life. The program was incorporated into Bahia's State Public Security Plan (PLANESP) from 2012 to 2015, and later into PLANESP from 2016 to 2025. Based on a strategic structure, Pacto pela Vida became the main program for combating violence in the state of Bahia. This study, therefore, has as general objective to analyze the results of the Pacto pela Vida (PPV) of Bahia from the results of the Intentional Violent Violent Crime (CVLI) indicator in the period from 2012 to 2020, specifically, with regard to the decrease of lethal violence. The methodological procedures were based on documentary and bibliographic surveys, on the use of open data from the Brazilian Yearbook of Public Security, the Public Security Yearbook of Bahia and the Atlas of Violence of the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA), as well as on information of the reports of Planesp 2012/2015 and 2016/2025 (in progress). The results of the study suggest that, according to data from CVLIs, Bahia, in 2012, compared to 2020, showed a reduction of -12.56% in crimes. On the other hand, the CVLI indicator fluctuated during the period (2012 to 2020), having in the years 2016 and 2020 the biggest changes in the crimes that occurred. One of the crimes with the greatest weight in the CVLI indicator is homicide. The homicide rate per 100,000/inhabitant in 2020 was 44.9% in Bahia, being the second highest rate in the country, when compared to all other states. With regard to the decrease in CVLI, it did not reach a decreasing, linear and lasting form, what was observed is that the results are punctual each year, with setbacks in some years and an increase in CVLIs in others; which means that the PPV is a policy that still needs more consolidation applied to its actions in order to achieve more lasting statistical results. In any case, the PPV allowed Bahia to have a broader focus on public security policy, with positive results being the implementation of state plans, the reorganization of actions that became more systematized, monitored and CVLIs reductions, which despite being results that fluctuate each year bequeath to the state of Bahia a government concern about public security policy.