Estudo retrospectivo dos protocolos anestésicos utilizados em animais silvestres e exóticos atendidos no hospital veterinário da UFPB entre abril de 2016 e outubro de 2021

Abstract

Veterinary medicine for wild and exotic animals has made good progress in recent years, as changes in people's lifestyles and habits have resulted in the replacement of raising domestic animals, such as dogs and cats, by raising unconventional animals (mammals, birds, reptiles and fish). Wild animals are those that belong to the local fauna of a territory, whereas species that do not belong to the local fauna are called exotic. When it comes to these species, the use of anesthetic agents is necessary from capture, transport, to clinical examinations and surgeries. This study aimed to survey the anesthetic protocols used for sedation and surgical procedures performed on wild or exotic animals at the Veterinary Hospital of Paraiba Federal University, from April 2016 to October 2021. To carry out this research, with descriptive purpose, the medical records of wild or exotic patients treated in the aforementioned period were evaluated, collecting data such as species, procedure performed, classification of anesthetic risk ( ASA), drugs used in pre-anesthetic medication (MPA), anesthetic induction and maintenance, in the trans-anesthetic and postoperative period, locoregional techniques and other analgesia techniques used, size of orotracheal tube, anesthetic system used, in addition to the death rate. During the study period, 494 wild or exotic patients were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Paraiba Federal University, being 65 submitted to anesthetic protocols to perform clinical procedures, complementary exams and surgeries, totaling 15 sedation and 67 general anesthesia. Exotic species represented a greater number of referrals (53.84%) when compared to wild ones and the class of birds was the most attended (40%). most patients were classified as ASA II, midazolam, ketamine,opioids and isoflurane were the most used drugs, locoregional techniques were part of the protocols of all classes and the survival rate of patients who underwent anesthetic procedures was 76.62% . Knowledge of veterinary anesthesiology should be common to all veterinarians working in the wild and exotic area, as anesthesia is required from simpler to more complex procedures, thus, familiarization with the particularities of these species and with anesthetic protocols are na important tool in improving procedures.