A importância das teorias do labeling approach e da criminologia crítica na compreensão do encarceramento em massa

Abstract

The present work consists of the presentation of the theories of social etiquette, or theory of social reaction, and critical criminology as essential points to discuss these theories and highlight the questions and problematizations regarding the Brazilian penal and prison model, in an attempt to expose and explain mass incarceration and its possible effectiveness. Its methodology is a bibliographical review of the works that deal with this theme. It makes an interconnection of theories and the criticism that is formed around the Brazilian prison situation, starting with the social reaction, that is, the view that society and control groups have on the individual, considerations that the crime is imputed to the person, by the way it is seen, and marginalized. Despite being deficient indeed, such theory emerged breaking paradigms in relation to the beliefs structured in criminological positivism, with the study of morphology and psychology as the main parameters to define the delinquent man. It goes on to explain critical criminology, as it emerged and brought with it more direct criticism and in a more complete internship, on social issues, such as what were lacking in the tagging theory, contributing more effectively to criminology, in a way that points out flaws in the prison system and in the intended resocialization. In addition to analyzing all these aspects, the present work presents a problem pointed out, which would be precisely the Brazilian prison system, and the consequences of indiscriminate incarceration for groups considered to be marginalized and for society. Concluding that the best way to change this reality is the complete reformulation of the Brazilian penal and prison system.