Avaliação de política de cotas no ensino superior sobre o desempenho acadêmico e o mercado de trabalho

Abstract

This thesis is composed for three studies that they evaluate the affirmative policy in the Brazilian higher education. The first study analyzes the peer effects on the quota students and non-quota students performance, using Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) data. The realization this investigation used the two-stage least squares with robust standard errors in cluster model. Therefore, it appealed to the administrative and academic records of the UFPB to the years 2010 and 2011. The results allow to evidence the reduction of 0,14 points of the peer effect between 2010 and 2011, as also a segregation of the peer effect, that is, the students are beneficiaries, academically only for the colleagues that present ticket mode same, standing out that the non-quota students exercise negative effects on the quota. The second study has the objective to estimate the the quota policy on the salary return in the UFPB former students career start impact. The reach of the objective gave up for the entropy balancing wiht Propensity Score Matching(PSM) association, as well as caululated it the quantile treatment effect 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 of the hour wages distribution. Therefore, it considered the UFPB graduates courses former students data, whose entrance in the curso occurred in the period 2010 and 2011 and the completion until 2017, jointly with formal labor market data to the year 2018. At first, the achieved results suggest that the quota former students get, average, a hour wage around 0,10 currency units bottom in the career start comparatively to the politics non-beneficiaries former students. Still observed that the effectsare bigger in the median and in the highest quantile (0.75) of the hour wages distribution, and that there was not statisticians clues of impacts between the lower salary returns. Finally, the third study analyzed the probability that higher education quota former students cam be in overeducation situation, that is, working in occupations that require lower level of education. similarly to the econd study, was employed the data set same and entropy balancing method with PSM. The results indicate to the UFPB courses set that the vacancies reservation does not present effects on the probability of the quota former students cam be overeducation. On the other hand, the quota former students, that which meet in the top in the wage distribution, as well as those ones quota former students of the humanities sciences and applied social sciences present most probability to occupy labor post that are not need higher education, that is, the are potentially underused in the labor market.