Diáspora do significante, a errância do sujeito em a hora da estrela de Clarice Lispector

Abstract

This dissertation aims to reflect on the Constitution of the Subject, making a journey through the psychoanalytic ideas of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and Jacques Lacan (1901-1981) and, more precisely, from the analysis of the character Macabéa, from the literary book A Hora da Estrela (1977), by writer Clarice Lispector (1920-1977). Psychoanalytic theories reveal that the human being is constituted in the relationship with the other and that the way the baby is welcomed in the world, in society and in the family is crucial for the subject to come about. Taking this issue into consideration, the following research question arises: What are the implications of precariousness in Macabéa’s relationships with the Other and how do these gaps reverberate in her adult life as marks in the constitution of the subject? As a hypothesis, it is noticed that the quality of the character’s relationship with the Other was crucial to the constitution of a primitive subject, that is, precarious, incapable of socially ascending, to the point of not making his voice echoing autonomously in relation to the other people around her. Furthermore, the reality experienced by this protagonist, taking as a parameter certain clinical cases, is not far from what actually occurs in reality, and this analysis is therefore relevant to understanding the constitution of the subject, particularly with regard to your wandering. Based on these questions, the general objective is to make a journey through psychoanalytic theories about the Constitution of the Subject, anchoring in the symbolic field of language and making a connection with literature, more precisely through the analysis of the character Macabéa. Regarding the methodological aspects, in this research, the qualitative approach is used, in order to deepen the reflection involving issues related to the constitution of the subject. Therefore, the study will be based on bibliographical sources and also on clinical cases, having the following categories of analysis in mind: Constitution of the Subject, relationship with the Other, Literature and Psychoanalysis. The study reveals that not only the marks and gaps left, but also how Macabéa welcomed the way others addressed her, ended up influencing the constitution of a primitive, precarious subject, lacking in voice and autonomy.