Avaliação da incidência de lesão renal aguda em pacientes internos acometidos por covid-19 : uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

COVID-19 is an acute respiratory syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which in more severe cases can lead the patient to hospitalization for respiratory failure and, in some cases, referral to the intensive care unit (ICU). Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a condition frequently seen in hospitalized patients, especially in intensive care units. In the hospitalization of patients with COVID- 19, this frequency appears to be even higher. This study aimed to carry out a literature review on the incidence of the development of acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19. Data were obtained from the PubMed database, from which forty articles that addressed the topic were selected. The mean incidence of acute kidney disease in the reviewed studies was 33.8%. The most reported comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension (45.2%) and diabetes mellitus (26.2%). Among patients in the present studies, the mortality rate for those who developed ARF was 44% ±20.6; those who required submission to hemodialysis had an average of 17.4% ± 13.25. The mechanisms of renal damage reported are multifactorial, ranging from direct damage to drug-induced nephrotoxicity and the use of mechanical ventilation. We conclude that the incidence of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is high and is directly related to a higher mortality rate among individuals