Estudo retrospectivo da cobertura vacinal contra febre aftosa e percepção dos pecuaristas do município de Fagundes - PB, sobre o "PNEFA"

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease or Foot-and-Mouth Disease is a highly contagious vesicular disease with an acute evolution and a high capacity to spread through the herd, whose disease-causing agent belongs to the Aphtovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. It affects cloven-hoofed animals (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and swine), both domestic and wild, however, it can also become a zoonosis of low epidemiological consideration. The consequences caused by foot and-mouth disease harm local economies, as well as have a significant impact on the world economy. Therefore, international and national regulations require mandatory notification to the official veterinary service of suspected and confirmed cases of the disease. Among the objectives of the present work, we sought to identify and quantify the vaccination coverage against foot-and-mouth disease in the municipality of Fagundes-PB from the years 2017 to 2021, correlating with the vaccination coverage of the state of Paraíba. The methodology used was a retrospective cohort study, in which the data provided by the Municipal Department of the Environment (SEDAP) and the Agricultural Defense System of Paraíba (SIDAP) from 2017 to 2021 and, prospective from the application of a questionnaire to assess the perception of rural producers about the vaccination of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in the municipality, according to the guidelines present in the National Plan for the Control and Eradication of Foot-and Mouth Disease. As the PNEFA is the main national tool to fight FMD. The vaccination rates in the town of Fagundes, as well as the rates in the State of Paraíba, show an improvement in the percentage of immunized animals from 2017 to 2021, reaching percentages close to those recommended as satisfactory by PNEFA. Nonetheless, despite these percentages being better, they have not yet reached the ideal to promote both the municipality and the State the qualification of becoming a foot-and-mouth disease-free zone without vaccination. Some actions can be intensified so that the immunization percentages of the Paraíba and Fagunden herd will improve until the final year of the plan (2026), among them, it is suggested better dissemination of campaigns by the State, using the various means of communication. communication and a greater intensification of the Official Veterinary Service promoting assistance to producers with relevant information on the immunization of cattle and buffaloes on properties.