Caracterização do perfil do agricultor familiar e da exploração extrativista do umbuzeiro na microrregião serra do Teixeira-PB

Abstract

The Serra do Teixeira Microregion has a deconcentrated land structure, with a tendency towards family-based agriculture and remarkable climatic characteristics, with irregularities in its rainfall regime that directly interfere with food production and income generation. However, the cultivation of native species such as umbuzeiro is one of the alternatives for sustainable production in this region. In this context, the objective was to characterize the profile of the family farmer and the extractive exploitation of umbu in the municipalities of Água Branca, Imaculada and Maturéia, located in the Serra do Teixeira/PB Microregion. The research was conducted from March 2022 to June 2022, and for data collection, structured questionnaires were applied to family farmers. Data were tabulated in Excel spreadsheets and analyzed through the relative frequencies of responses. It was found that family farmers have a low level of education and income, however, they perform a good management of the umbuzeiro culture, and as a whole, the establishments presented a density of 1.0 plant for every 1.85 hectares. The municipalities in which the producers have a higher level of education, presented greater commercialization of umbu in an extractive way and greater income from this activity. The organization of family farmers in the form of an association or cooperative would allow extractive use, increased income generation, and the expansion of the scale of production of species appropriate to the semiarid context, in family farming establishments. The study can contribute to the development of social actions of the various bodies and non-governmental organizations that seek to build public policies for sustainable rural development, for the strengthening of family farming.