Estratégias de governamentalidade para a educação: análise de práticas discursivas do plano nacional de educação

Abstract

In Brazil, the National Education Plan - PNE outlines the objectives and goals to be achieved in the period 2014-2024 for the entire national educational policy. Its 20 goals and 254 strategies designed to guarantee the right to education for all. Thus, we seek to identify in the PNE 2014-2024 whether neoliberal forms of control of educational policies are present, as an instrument of control of public educational policies. More specifically, we seek to: a) analyze the conditions of possibility that make the discourses about education emerge in the 2014-2024 PNE, (b) describe the neoliberal ways of governing education, taking as a guide the discursive constitution of the 2014-2024 PNE and (c) investigate how governmentality strategies establish meanings in the 2014-2024 PNE. The research is bibliographic, documentary, once the study was conducted based on documents that address the PNE, qualitative/interpretive, as it does not seek to assess the data that are analyzed, as it uses the theoretical methodological assumptions of Foucault's Discursive Analysis, which makes it possible in the field of language to use the materiality present in the texts to analyze its effects in the discursive field, based on the articulation between discourse, governmentality, biopower and neoliberalism in education. We brought as a basis the reading of the works that we take as reference in Foucault's studies Machado (2004), Foucault (1988, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2008), Doherty (2008) in dialogue with authors from the field of education Dourado (2011, 2017), Veiga-Neto (2009, 2018), Saviani (2010) and Libâneo (2005). The analysis of the universalize" statement was carried out based on the 2014-2024 PNE, with a cut for Goals 1, 2 and 3, which cover the entire Basic Education, supported by a look at the issues regarding the place of residence, urban/rural areas, race/color and the percentage of the poorest and richest 25%. The analyzes show that the neoliberal way of governing education resonates in the statement universalize". And that when there were advances in the social and economic field, they were insufficient to improve the population's quality of life.