O ensino da matemática nos anos iniciais: um estudo de caso envolvendo as operações básicas a partir da utilização de materiais concretos

Abstract

The present research had as main objective to analyze the potential of the concrete material in the study of addition and subtraction of the 2nd year in a public school in the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba. The theoretical basis was based on several authors, as Van de Walle (2009), Toledo and Toledo (1997) and Farias, Azeredo and Rêgo (2016), as well as in the official documents in force (BRAZIL, 1997; 2016). The research methodology was characterized as an exploratory and descriptive research, according to the objectives, of the simple case study type, according to data acquisition and analysis. The study was applied in the months of August and September this year, with 7 students. As for the research instruments we used two questionnaires. The first one was semi-structured, composed of two parts: student profile and situations problems involving Addition and Subtraction questions. The second was with problem situations that were worked out during the interventions. In the course of the study we performed a period of intervention where we prioritize the use of concrete material such as toy money and gold material. Due to the difficulties presented in the classroom (pre-test) verified during the observation period, we decided to discuss the concepts of addition and subtraction, working from the difficulties encountered as support of the concrete materials. Thus, we obtain as results that the main conceptions of the students regarding the subject matter that involves addition and subtraction was satisfactory when comparing the mathematical knowledge of the participants before the same, since, all the students got involved with the questions and demonstrated abilities in the Content of Addition and Subtraction. In this way we conclude that the students demonstrated good management with the concrete materials, so we believe that we should have greater attention and dedication in the initial years, since they are the base if they do not have a quality education will certainly present difficulties in the coming years. With regard to education professionals, it is necessary that they seek means and goals that are in accordance with the needs of the students, awakening in them the best that they can be.