Resolução de problemas na matemática: explorando a operação de multiplicação em uma escola campesina

Abstract

The present research had as general objective to analyze the methodological contributions of teaching of Problem Solving when exploring the operation of multiplication with a group of the 5th year of Elementary School of a public school belonging to the municipality of Taipu, Paraíba. For this we focus on theoretical studies based on Polya (1995), Van de Walle (2009), as well as authors who discuss Field Education such as Arroyo (2004) and Caldart (2004) and the National Curricular Parameters of the area of (BRASIL, 1997), the major education law, the National Education Guidelines and Bases Law (BRASIL, 1996) and the new documents in force (BRAZIL, 2016). As for the methodology of the research, this is characterized as an exploratory study regarding the objectives, of the type of case study regarding the acquisition and analysis of data. In this way, the research was developed in the classroom space with 6 students of the 5th year of Elementary School, Field research was carried out in September of the correct year with the application of diversified tasks, using as a means of exemplifying the concepts Of concrete material multiplication. We started by applying the semistructured questionnaire composed of two parts that aimed to diagnose the students' profile regarding their social, economic and cognitive situation. For this we offer some problem situations involving questions of multiplication to verify the assimilation of the concepts of the participants. Then we started a classroom intervention on multiplication. At the end, we obtain the post-test application, again using the questionnaire instrument. As a result we found that there was an assimilation of the concept of multiplication by students, as well as a greater concentration of attention, autonomy in performing tasks, mobility of calculation strategies, reading and interpretation of texts. In this way, we conclude that the Problem Solving methodology, linked to the use of concrete materials, facilitated the conceptual discussion and the participants' understanding of the research topic, presenting satisfactory results in this work.