A saúde do trabalhador e da trabalhadora fabril sob a nova organização do trabalho

Abstract

The current context of the recent crises of capitalism and their respective coping strategies focus on transformations that derive the neo-liberal model of accumulation and flexible production. It is a precarious model, instituting instability, flexibilization, outsourcing of the work process, besides the multifunctionality / polyvalence of work, which conform the new organization of work, coming from Toyotism. They are transformations that impact not only on working conditions but, above all, on the fragile conditions of life and health of the working class. From this perspective, it is formulated the object of study of this investigative process that focuses on Worker and Worker Health, from the work category in the new organization, discussed under productive restructuring and the process of flexible accumulation. It aims to critically analyze the current working conditions in time of the new organization of work, marked by the flexible accumulation and the consequent process of sickness of the workers of the industry branch attended in the Center of Regional Reference in Occupational Health (CEREST) in the city of João Pessoa / PB, in the period of 2014 and 2017. The present investigative process, is based theoretically and methodologically in the perspective of Marxist dialectical historical materialism by analyzing social reality from the social processes in their totality. It is also based on the discussion about the Health Policy of the Worker and inserted in the current contradictions of capitalist society, forged by the private accumulation of capital and by the various forms of labor exploitation that fall to the health of the working class. Methodologically, it is typified as a documentary research of an analytical, critical and comparative character of the cadastral data of the workers served at CEREST / JP. This investigative study also carries out the bibliographic survey about the categories that perpass the analysis of the object of this study; as well as the documentary research of the secondary sources that consist in the analysis of the cadastral records of the workers and factory workers attended in the CEREST / JP and in the survey of the operational documents and laws pertinent to the Health Policy of the Worker and Worker. Regarding the methodological procedures regarding the instruments and techniques of data collection and analysis, quantitative and qualitative methodological procedures are adopted. The collection phase included the collection of data derived from 100 Worker's Records that compose the sociodemographic profile, the occupational situation and the anamnesis of working and sickness conditions; as far as the analysis phase was concerned, descriptive statistical reading was used for the discussion of objective data with the use of tables and graphs and content analysis by thematic categorization for the treatment of subjective data. The results showed that the majority of factory workers are female (66%), aged between 31 and 50 years (84%), predominantly in the footwear (26%) and textile (20%) branches. They perform work activities under intense and exhausting work (88%), physical efforts with weight lifting and in inadequate positions, in addition to repetitive work (90%) and multifunctional work (62%). These data reveal serious determinants for the emergence of work-related diseases / accidents, and the consequent process of intensification of these diseases.