Análise da gestão de resíduos sólidos em escolas municipais da zona sul de Joao Pessoa/PB

Abstract

The search for good practices and correct waste management has become indispensable and, in Brazil, Federal Law nº. 12,305 of 2010, which deals with the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), brings great progress to the area of management of solid waste. The adversities found in the search for sustainable solutions reveal the need for the development of new strategies in the area for follow-up, such as indicators, which provide support for the formulation of strategies and actions. This work aims to analyze solid waste management in three municipal schools in the southern area of João Pessoa / PB in an attempt to identify fragilities and thus make some proposals for school principals with part of municipal solid waste management actions. As a research methodology, a systematic observation tool, the checklist, was adapted from the Land Quality Index (IQR) published annually by the State Company of Technology in Basic Sanitation (CETESB). Three distinct analyzes were carried out generating three indicators: infrastructure, sustainable actions and social perception. It should be emphasized that schools present in the research participate or have already participated in extension projects aimed at environmental education, such as PROEXT of UFPB. In relation to the infrastructure, the school P presented an excellent structure, the school M and G a good structure. In relation to sustainable actions and social perception, two were regular (school P and G) and the third as good (M). From the analysis, it was found in the schools some fragilities and some intervention proposals were suggested, such as a suitable container for the collection of cooking oil, the implantation of a compost bin, a collector only for properly identified electronic waste, among others. Schools are privileged spaces for the implementation of a solid waste management system, since this tool provides a real vision of the pressures and impacts generated to the environment. In view of the above, it is important to note that solid waste management in schools is not, in its entirety, inefficient, and Environmental Education (EA) actions are necessary to raise awareness of the importance of all waste management steps within and out of school. The indicators have proved to be good instruments for analyzing solid waste management in an area as important to society as public schools. It is hoped to improve the study tools created in this research so that it can be used as indicators of waste management in all types of educational institution.