Modelagem da dinâmica espacial do uso e ocupação do solo no Município de Pitimbu-PB

Abstract

Inadequate land use and occupation have led to environmental degradation in several areas of the world, especially in the Coastal Zone where there are large concentrations of activities and urban areas. The occupation of the area in the Southern Coastal Zone of the state of Paraíba, considering the municipality of Pitimbu, area of transition of terrestrial and marine environments was the object of this study. The general objective is to map and evaluate the different uses and occupations of the soil in this area, aiming to collaborate for the management of coastal spaces and environmental planning. The transformations occurring in land use are analyzed using Landsat images of 2001, 2013 and 2017, land use and occupation maps for the years cited and the prediction of two scenarios for the study area. The prediction scenarios were tested from the Land Change Modeler (LCM), where the simulation and validation for 2017 was performed using the Multi-Layer Perceptron Neural Network (MLP) methodology. From the satisfactory results for 2017, the prediction of the future scenarios for 2027 and 2037 was made. Simulation of future trends showed the intensification of the transitions observed in the years 2001, 2013 and 2017, where the main predicted land uses were for agricultural activities, with Sugarcane being the most representative growth. The intensification of these crops promoted the reduction of the Forest area, causing the anthropization of this class. Another determining factor of the human action in the environment was the growth of the urban space of the municipality of Pitimbu. In view of this, the research ratifies the importance of the knowledge of the territory and how the use of the proposed methodology can assist the managers in the monitoring of the areas and in the process of planning the environmental conditions of the coastal spaces.