Vulnerabilidade socioambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Jaguaribe - PB

Abstract

The urban rivers are almost always characterized as environmental degradation areas, as those watercourses are surrounded by the urbanization, one of the biggest problems faced by those water bodies located in those areas actually is the hydric pollution and undue occupation. Areas who presents environmental hazard are constantly occupied in an irregular way, disregarding the urban and environmental existent legislations, due those issues, they’re regarded as improper areas to habitation. In front of this, it is assumed that the is result of the existing characteristics on localities who presents low life quality, high poverty rate, and high deprivation with the existence of areas who denote risk indices or environmental degradation. So, the present work has as objective to identify the many levels of social and environmental vulnerability that occurs in the hydrographic basin of the Jaguaribe River, located in the urban zone of João Pessoa – PB, using water analysis as variable for the complement of the social and environmental analysis. This identification is made through the elaboration of thematic maps. For the composition of the social risk, IBGE variables has been used as socioeconomic indicators, in otherwise, the environmental risk considers areas 50 meters from the river bank and areas that present clinography superior than 30%. The overlapping of social risk and environmental risk maps allows the mapping of social and environmental vulnerability. The water quality analysis has been made considering biological. The characteristics present in the water of points P4, P5 and P6 show that the river has lost its regeneration capacity and can no longer recover, the environmental risk on those points has changed from “High” to “Very High”, not differently, the social risk has changed from "Medium" to "High", the vulnerability remained "High". In the Jaguaribe basin socioenvironmental vulnerability was due to population density, economic conditions, schooling and lack of basic sanitation, as well as the natural conditions of the land, represented by environmental risk. The rate of socio environmental vulnerability can be mitigated with the aid of public policies that will support the portion of society that is exposed to high levels of vulnerability and socio-environmental risk.