Sistemas de alerta de risco a desastres: aplicabilidade para o município de João Pessoa/PB

Abstract

For a long time, investments directed to the risk management of disasters related to natural phenomena only happened after the occurrence of extreme events. They focused primarily on the response with little or no investment in prevention, preparedness, mitigation, and alertness. For the prevention of risk to disasters, it is essential to set up and maintain warning systems for extreme events, which are intended to inform the population of the progress of a possible threat, as well as what options more securely and generate less damage or loss. This work was aimed at presenting alternatives for disaster warning systems related to natural phenomena for the population of João Pessoa, capital of the state of Paraíba. The methodological process used was based on a review of the literature on the warning systems used in disaster risk management related to natural phenomena in Brazil and in the world, and in the consultations on Internet pages of public agencies that directly or indirectly work with the thematic study. Based on the Integrated Disaster Information System (S2ID) of the National Secretariat for Civil Protection and Defense, five classes of disasters occurred in the city: floods, droughts, floods, coastal erosion and local / convective storm. Aiming at a general reduction of human and material losses, the Federal Government, together with several agencies, carried out the diagnosis and mapping of areas prone to disaster risk in priority Brazilian municipalities throughout the country. An emergency action was carried out in João Pessoa in November 2011 with the objective of mapping, describing and classifying situations with potentiality for high and very high risk. Of the 22 sectors identified the flood and the slipping were the typologies that predominated, being that only one sector presented two typologies, in relation to the others in the city. Slipping was detected in 15 points (about 62.2%), flooding in 5 points (23%), flooding in two points (9.1%) and flooding in one point (4.6%). This diagnosis and mapping were preliminary. Another document was written in a more detailed and in depth way of the situation of the city, but more updated. This document is the João Pessoa Municipal Basic Sanitation Plan, where in a specific section critical areas were identified with emphasis on: flooding, flooding and landslide; for being the most recurrent in the municipality. With the field work carried out in this document, 98 points were identified where flooding problems occurred and the Torre district presented the most identified sites. The problems with flood were detected in 15 points, being the neighborhood of Miramar the location where there were more verified points. In relation to mass movement, 48 points were mapped, with the Valentina neighborhood being the most affected in relation to the number of points. The warning systems that are in use in the municipality are the data received from CEMADEN and the system of sending SMS for disaster alert that arrived in the state of Paraíba in the month of February. In the case of alert systems, the city of João Pessoa still needs a lot of intervention. Options were given for the improvement of these systems, and they were: WeSenseIt, e-Noé and TerraMA2 , decentralizing from the hands of CEMADEN. More systems need to be put in place to both advise existing ones and to improve predictions of events, giving a faster response to society.