Capacidades estatais e a política de segurança alimentar e nutricional: uma análise das ações dos governos estaduais da região Nordeste no cenário de pandemia

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has established itself as one of the greatest global health challenges of this century. The fight against the pandemic was marked in Brazil by the mismatch between the strategies of the federal government and state and municipal governments. In addition to the emergency nature of health, the pandemic also affected several other areas, especially the supply and demand for food. As a result, it ended up reducing purchasing power and the capacity to produce and distribute food, affecting people in conditions of social vulnerability more strongly. From this, this research aims to analyze the main SAN actions adopted by state governments in the Northeast region during the pandemic period and to verify the degree of state capacities necessary to implement the measures. Therefore, an exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach was carried out, through the analysis of bibliographic and documentary sources to assess the food and nutrition security actions carried out by state governments in the Northeast region during the period from March 2020 to October 2021. Thus, we sought to observe whether the fundamental principles of a food and nutrition security policy were present in the actions analyzed and, based on that, to verify the degree of state capacities present in the actions, in addition to understanding whether the measures adopted had a specific character. emergency or structuring from the point of view of a food and nutrition security policy. After the analysis, the results obtained showed that just over 90% of the actions taken by the state governments in the Northeast were classified as emergency, focusing mostly on the distribution of food to people in a socially vulnerable situation, on aid for the purchase of foodstuffs and measures relating to the distribution of school meals, either directly or through financial means. Furthermore, it was observed that, among the basic principles of a food and nutrition security policy, the principle of intersectoriality, characterized as the main one, was not observed in almost 60% of the actions, which reflected in the observation of the degree of analyzed capacities, where it was possible to notice that in just over half of the actions analyzed, the degree of political-relational capacity was considered low. On the other hand, the analysis showed a high degree of administrative-bureaucratic capacity required by the actions, which can be reflected in the principles of equity and articulation between budget and management present in the analyzed actions.