A programação linear para otimização em problemas de transporte

Abstract

This study addresses the linear programming model (PL) as a tool to optimize the Organization's resources in the logistical problem of materials transport. Aiming specifically analyze this optimization model through literature surveys; decompose logistics activities, particularly transport of goods; apply and solve the model in a theoretical problem of transport. The PL is a result of optimization model, developed by means of symbols and numbers, and in this way, one of the methods best suited to solve problems that can be assembled mathematically, its formulation is to first find out the decision variables, the objective function and constraints of the system, in order to maximize or minimize an amount which depends on scarce resources. This model is part of the area of Operational Research (OR). This appeared in England during the Second World War, is to use a scientific method to support decision makers. Having seen this aspect and the growing importance of logistics activities of transportation, PL is a tool to support decision making related to the material transport problem. The question addressed highlighted this problem of transport, where modeling and solution to this problem are determined by loading so transport system that minimizes the total cost. This study proves to be only scientific character for the expansion of theoretical knowledge, because we used a theoretical issue of transportation problem, where the company had cash and customer needs to be met. To solve the problem we used a tool available in Excel 2010, Microsoft Office package, called Solver because the resolution thereof becomes long when done manually. The results showed that the PL model constitutes a tool of choice for good planning of transport. One can see that the field of Operations Research and more individually its linear programming model was competent in the search for an answer that optimize the use of organizational resources, while satisfying customer needs and resources of the company, making its more efficient freight transport activities.