Física de neutrinos e o universo primordial

Abstract

Both Cosmology and Particle Physics are undergoing an extraordinary period of discoveries, hence the quantity of instruments, such as accelerators, detectors and satellites, as well as the availability of accurate observational data. Nevertheless, aside from the recent discoveries in both fields of physics, open questions remain unanswared, such as the determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, its hierarchy, fermionic nature and influence in the universe’s existence and evolution. The study aims to obtain an overview towards those questions. To do so, it required a detailed analysis of neutrino’s fundamental aspects, from the proposal of its existence, presented by Wolfgang Pauli, focusing on explaining the energy spectrum of beta decay, basic aspects of relativistic quantum mechanics, to obtain Dirac’s equation for spin 1/2 particles, flavor oscillation issues and weak neutrino interaction. Finally, we shall address contemporary issues which are not explained either by Standard Model of Particle Physics or the Standard Cosmological Model.