Práticas associadas a informações sobre a prevenção da Covid-19 pela população adscrita da equipe de saúde da família de Araçagi-PB

Abstract

The favorable perception of non-pharmacological measures (NPM) to prevent the disease caused by the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and the associated adherence can reduce the number of infected people in the population. Despite considerable scientific and social attention to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in urban areas, little focus has been given to this impact in rural communities, which generally have less accessible health care and higher rates of poverty and low education. The focus of this master's thesis was the NPM of prevention for COVID-19 by the rural community of Canafístula, municipality of Araçagi-PB, with the elaboration of an original scientific article with the results of a field research involving users of the territory from UBS, as well as a technical educational product in the form of audio content, made available as podcasts for community information. The general objective of the field study was to evaluate the perception and practice of NPF to prevent COVID-19 by users served by the Basic Health Unit (BHI) of Canafístula. Primary data were collected through the application of a structured questionnaire in face-to-face interviews at the BHI whit 70 users. The type of this research was observational and transversal, with a quantitative approach, using descriptive and inferential statistics with the chi-square test and prevalence ratio, with a confidence interval of 95%.The sociodemographic profile revealed a sample with a median age of 41 years, female, black, with elementary/high school education, not married and family income of one minimum wage and precarious sanitation. It was observed that all reported having acquired information on hand hygiene and the use of face masks, while lower percentages were achieved in information on social isolation. It was found that 97% reported adoption of 3 or more MNF prevention, with agreement between the report of information received and the adoption of the corresponding NPF in more than 90% of the sample, except for social isolation. The main source of information was TV, radio and newspaper, followed by digital social media, although the greatest trust was attributed to information from health professionals. Almost half of the sample reported feeling confident in COVID-19 prevention NPFs. Only 40% considered the risk of personal or family contagion to be high, but 94% perceived COVID-19 as severe or very serious, which is compatible with the self-report of high adherence to the use of masks and hygiene of the hands. hands in percentages greater than 90%. It was found, through the prevalence ratio, that the practice of partial social isolation, obtaining information about the use of masks and information given by health professionals reduced the chance of COVID-19, while information from friends/neighbors/ relatives increased that chance. The second product of the dissertation was elaborated in pre-production phases (planning, invitation of the interviewees and scripting), production (recording) and post-production (editing of the recorded audio, publication, and dissemination). The podcasts had the participation of community leaders, health professionals and managers, in eight episodes that approached, in an accessible way, the prevention measures of COVID-19. It is concluded that the objectives proposed in this dissertation were achieved and, therefore, it can be inferred that the research revealed the perception of COVID-19 as a serious disease, there was confidence in preventive MNF, especially on the part of the health team, although the main source of information have been TV and newspapers. The adoption of MNF was high, around 90%, except for isolation. With the dissemination of podcasts through the radio and the internet, the community will be able to receive informative feedback in the form of popular health education.