Soluções topológicas e não-topológicas em teoria clássica de campos

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to obtain defect solutions in field theory, which are localized structures of finite energy. These defects arise as solutions of the equations of motion, and may have a topological or non-topological features. We will start our discussion with topological defects in (1+1)-dimensional space-time, which appear in models with one or more scalar fields. We will show that these solutions can be obtained considering models with canonical dynamics, as well as generalized models, known as k-defects. Next, we will study topological defects in (2+1)-dimensional, called vortices. Which appear in theories where gauge fields are coupled to a complex field. In both scenarios we will introduce new models, which served as inspiration for the development of this thesis.