O YouTube e a construção da memória coletiva: uma análise do canal do programa de TV Diversidade como lugar de memória da cultura local

Abstract

This research aimed at analyzing how the channel of the program “Diversidade” on YouTube constitutes a place of memory of local culture. The program is broadcasted from Monday to Friday on TV Itararé, affiliate of TV Cultura in Campina Grande, Paraíba, and its channel on the Google video platform has been around since 2008. In this study it was verified how the journalistic material posted on the internet contributes to the construction of the collective and cultural memory of the region. To achieve this goal, it was used as a research strategy the content analysis of the videos published in the period from 2007 to 2019. One month of each year and one week of the chosen months were selected at random, aiming at a greater variety of the analyzed material, totalling 145 videos. The analysis was carried out by taking into account the following five categories: Territory of social disputes; Resistance symbol; Element of social cohesion and/or affirmation of identities; Relationship between collective and individual; and Rescue or access of collective memory.They were based on concepts about memory, a concept formed by the following authors: Pollak (1989), Halbwachs (1990), Nora (1993), Sarlo (2007) and Santos (2012); Internet, YouTube and memory, from the following authors: Canavilhas (2004), Rosnay (2006), Puhl e Araújo (2012); e Azcárate (2015); and based on the studies on the media as places of memory, by the researchers: Ribeiro (2000); Gomes (2006), Ribeiro e Brasiliense (2007). From the analysis of the selected videos, it was discovered that the channel of “Diversidade” program on YouTube can be considered a place of memory for two reasons: firstly for the peculiarities of the video contents and also for its origin, material produced for television, considered a press vehicle that keeps the collective memories of society. The second reason is in the functional features of YouTube itself, with tools that enhance the creation and maintenance of different memory places. With the realization of this study, it was noticed the existence of different dynamics in the construction of collective memory on the site. Through the numerous channels created by users, transposition of collective memories from traditional media to the video platform takes place on the website, with the posting of content from television, radio, cinema, etc. In addition, there is implicitly the elaboration of a memory made on YouTube itself meeting the demands of a new generation that was born in an audiovisual media culture mediated mainly by the internet. It is sought through the results of this research that they contribute for new studies to be carried out from the perspective of YouTube as a mnemonic space, thus providing the discovery and analysis of possible and different memory places on this video platform.