Prevalência de alterações mastigatórias em pessoas idosas residentes na comunidade: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Masticatory disorders in elderly people can occur due to physiological and anatomical changes inherent to aging and greater vulnerability to comorbidities. However, estimates of the prevalence of these disorders in community-dwelling elderly people are imprecise. Objective: to verify the prevalence of masticatory disorders in elderly people living in the community. Methods: This is a systematic review study. A search was performed in the electronic databases Cinahl, Embase, Lilacs, Livivo, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and in the gray literature Google Scholar, OpenGrey and Proquest. The search strategy was adapted to each database using specific descriptors and keywords. Population-based, cross-sectional/ecological studies that used questionnaires to identify masticatory disorders in people aged 60 years and over, residing in the community, were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute protocols were used to analyze the risk of bias and the GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence. A meta-analysis was performed with a random effect model, weighted by the inverse variance method. To calculate the variance, expressed by the Tau² values, the DerSimonian-Laird estimator was used and the heterogeneity was calculated by the inconsistency index (I²). Meta-regression with a random effect model was also performed. Results: 7,008 articles were identified in the gray literature and databases. Of these, 12 articles were included for data extraction and analysis. High heterogeneity was found between the estimates of prevalence of masticatory disorders (I2 = 100%) for the different studies included in the analysis, not being explained by the mean age of the study population or by its sample size when taken to a target model -regression (p > 0.05). Thus, we chose to present the individual estimates of each study, through qualitative analysis and by grouping 4 studies that used the same definition for “masticatory disorder”. The prevalence of masticatory disorders in older people in the grouped studies was 0.30 (95%CI = 0.23;0.38 I2 = 98%), with individual estimates from each study ranging from 4.3% to 61.7%. Conclusion: The prevalence of masticatory disorders in elderly people is approximately 30%.