Análise da qualidade de vida, fatores de risco e aspectos vocais de indivíduos com e sem problemas específicos decorrentes do consumo de álcool

Abstract

The voice is a multifactorial phenomenon and when problems arise that prevent its natural production, a vocal disorder may occur. The risk factors related to voice commonly mentioned are: smoking, alcoholism, gastrointestinal and respiratory problems. Such disorders can affect an individual's quality of life. Thus, the objective of the study was to verify if risk factors, quality of life and vocal aspects are associated with specific problems resulting from alcohol consumption. This was an observational and comparative study between two groups: group 1 (G1), composed of people with specific problems resulting from alcohol consumption, and group 2 (G2), formed by volunteers who did not have these problems or vocal disorders. The instruments were: Alcohol Use Disorders Test (AUDIT), Vocal Screening Protocol (PTV), Vocal Symptom Scale (ESV), Voice Quality of Life Questionnaire (QVV), and recording of voice samples . For that, tests were carried out to compare means and association; logistic and linear regression, and Neural Networks. The results showed a prevalence of 75% of vocal alterations based on the auditory-perceptual assessment and worse quality of life in G1 when compared to G2. The most frequent vocal complaints were: in G1, throat clearing and hoarseness; in G2, hoarseness and vocal fatigue. The most prevalent auditory vocal symptoms were: in G1, difficulty in treble and hoarseness; in G2, hoarseness and voice instability. The most prevalent sensory were: in G1, throat clearing and dry mouth; in G2, neck tension and neck pain. The most prevalent environmental risk factors were: in G1, dust and/or mold and pollution; in G2, stressful environment and dust and/or mold. In both groups there was no prevalence of organizational factors. The most common personal factors were: in G1, stress and talking loudly; in G2, talk a lot and fast. After the analysis, it was noted the need to verify the effect of sociodemographic variables on the groups. Thus, it was possible to observe that there were differences between the groups in the variable related to the age group from 25 to 36 years old, in elementary school and in the ESV-limitation. Thus, the AUDIT; vocal complaints, pain and burning; environmental factors, inadequate acoustics, inadequate equipment, irritating products, stressful environment and inadequate temperature; personal, inadequate diet, hearing problems, insufficient hydration, imitating other sounds, inadequate rest and alcoholism; auditory symptoms, hoarseness, weak voice and voice failure; sensory, acidity in the mouth, dry throat and pain when speaking; age group from 25 to 36 years; only elementary school and the ESV-limitation were significant to describe the target population according to the DSM-5. Such a study may serve as a warning to professionals who serve the target population, with the purpose of showing the importance of the speech therapist in the intervention with communication, restoring social activities and their quality of life. Thus, the data from this study can serve as a marker for the detection of problems related to alcohol use.