Fungos associados ao acervo especial e raro da biblioteca do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da UFPB: um chamado para manter a memória

Abstract

Documentary collections have on paper one of the main supports of information, memory and history. Paper collections contain cellulose, hemicellulose, starch glue, inks and paper bleaching products, which are easily degraded and subject to the action of physical, chemical, biological and human factors. Airborne fungi are those that easily spread through the air, usually from dry spores, recognized for contaminating and biodeteriorating document collections and causing allergies. The general objective of this work was to know the anemophilous mycobiota associated with the surface of books and the air of special and rare collections of the Francisco Tancredo Torres Sectoral Library, of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba. Samples were collected from the surface of 10 books, distributed in two rooms (room 01 and room 02), by rubbing sterile swabs and transferred to plates with culture medium (potato dextrose agar + rose bengal). Fungi present in the air in the rooms and corridor outside these were collected using the plate exposure method for approximately 20 minutes. Measurements were taken of the pH of the books and the temperature and humidity measured externally and internally to the collections. In the laboratory, the material from the Swabs and the air were incubated in an oven at 28ºC for 30 days, waiting for the growth of the colonies, which were counted, spreadsheets were organized and the taxa were characterized and identified. Richness, abundance, dominance, Simpson's diversity index and evenness were calculated and PCoA and PERMANOVA analysis were applied. A total of 1,096 CFUs distributed in 50 taxa were isolated. Books showed species richness a little more expressive than air; room 02 had greater abundance; species dominance was low; and high diversity and evenness index, with taxa better distributed in the air. Most frequent genera were Penicillium, sterile mycelia; Cladosporium; Fusarium; Aspergillus and Acremonium. The rare genera were Chaetomium, Ascotricha, Myrothecium and Paecylomices. The PERMANOVA analysis indicated that the composition of the fungal community between the investigated environments is statistically different (P< 0.001), and the PCoA showed greater similarity in the composition of the fungal communities in the air and on the inner surface of the books when compared to the surface external. Studies indicate that many of these fungi occur both in the air and on book surfaces. We believe that uncontrolled environmental conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, favorable pH, low air circulation and low light have contributed to creating microclimates and promoting the proliferation of these fungi, which makes it a risk for Sick Building Syndrome. In one of the environments, the relationship between the internal and external environment was outside Anvisa's parameters for indoor environments.