Anestesias em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia atendidas no hospital veterinário da UFPB entre fevereiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2022

Abstract

Mamary tumors are the most frequently diagnosed neoplasms in bitches and mastectomy is the surgery of choice for the treatment of this disease. Taken as an extensive surgery, it produces moderate to severe postoperative pain. Analgesic control provides better surgical recovery and decreases the chances of complications, making the use of multimodal analgesic therapies essential. This study aimed to survey data on the anesthesias used in bitches undergoing mastectomy at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba from February 2017 to December 2022. To achievement out this research, with a descriptive purpose, data related to race, age, anesthetic risk, and the drugs and techniques used in pre anesthetic medication (MPA), anesthetic induction, anesthetic maintenance and in the postoperative period of female dogs undergoing mastectomy in the aforementioned period were collected. The results were submitted to quantitative analysis. During the study period, 196 mastectomies were performed. Of these, 59% of the bitches did not have a defined breed, meanwhile, among the most affected breeds the poodle (15%) and pisncher (10%) stood out. With regard to age, 50% were aged between six and ten years and 33% between eleven and fifteen years. As for anesthetic risk, 57% were classified as ASA II and 34% as ASA III. The association of phenothiazine and opioid (58%) was the most observed MPA protocol and morphine was the most used opioid. Propofol was present in 80% of the protocols, isolated or associated, with mainly benzodiazepines (61%) and ketamine (42%). For anesthetic maintenance, inhalational anesthesia associated with locoregional anesthesia was the most described (71%). In 59% of locoregional anesthesia, the association of bupivacaine, morphine and fentanyl for the epidural technique was observed, while tumescence was performed in 36%. The use of analgesic infusions during anesthetic maintenance was described in 28% of the cases. Among the infusions used, the use of fentanyl, lidocaine and ketamine stands out, with the combination of the three (FLK) being the most frequent. As far as the treatment of immediate postoperative pain is concerned, administration of the non-steroidal anti inflammatory meloxicam alone or associated with tramadol and dipyrone were seen in a higher occurrence. It is concluded that the knowledge of efficient anesthetic protocols is of great importance, seeking to offer analgesic comfort to the animals during all stages of the surgery. The training of professionals to perform locoregional anesthesia is essential, with a view to promoting balanced multimodal anesthesia.