Flutuação populacional e análise faunística de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) em um pomar comercial de Psidium guajava L

Abstract

The problem with the flies of fruit in fruit growing orchards is the biggest obstacle to the production and export of fruits in the world. In Brazil it is no different because the country is the third largest producer of fresh fruit in the world after China and India. Given the above, this study aimed to characterize the populations of flies the fruit through faunal indices and analyze the fluctuation in 12 months in a commercial orchard of guava in the city of Nova Floresta - PB in the micro-region Curimataú Paraiba, and also evaluating the effectiveness of three attractive food available. In Chapter I the research aimed to characterize the species of flies fruit-occurrence of the Tephritidae family in Nova Forest - PB in Paraiba Curimataú and analyze the fluctuation of the same in the period August 2014 to July 2015 with the use of the PET bottle traps. The collection of fruits and obtaining adults was carried out every 15 days, collecting is preferably ripe fruit or early maturation, differentiating the fruits harvested from the soil and plants. During the sampling period, it was captured a total of 462 specimens of the fruit flies, of which 80.09% were Anastrepha and 19.01% to the Ceratitis genus. A total of seven species of flies of the fruit were caught in traps and fruit in the orchard, these six species belong to the genus Anastrepha (A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, A. dissimilis, A. hadropickeli, A. sororcula, A. zenildae) and the genre Ceratitis (C. capitata). A new species has been recorded in the state of Paraiba, A. hadropickeli. In Chapter II, the study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of food baits in catching flies the fruit, the culture of guava, with a view to establishing an appropriate program of this pest in the city of Nova Floresta - PB. The monitoring of the adult insect flies to the fruit was done with plastic traps of the type PET bottle satisfaction 330 mL corn protein hydrolyzate diluted to 5%, 440 mL of sugarcane molasses diluted to 10% and 520 mL of fruit juice of 30%. Obtaining adults was carried out every 15 days, at which time the food baits were replaced. The most attractive feed at the lowest cost Bio Anastrepha® was 5%, with a capture range of 63.83% of Anastrepha spp. followed by fruit juice 30% and sugarcane molasses to 10%, respectively.