Microbiolização em sementes de sorgo

Abstract

Sorghum is a crop with great worldwide importance, in which its cultivation has great economic importance. In the South, Midwest and in the Brazilian semi-arid regions, the crop has been showing adaptability, with high productive potential, proposing itself as an alternative for the production of forage material, grains and ethanol, where water and saline stress limit the productivity of other crops. External factors may reduce the productive potential of sorghum, interfering with higher yields, such as management, environmental conditions and susceptibility of the cultivar to pathogens. The irrational and prolonged use of fungicides has triggered problems in agriculture, causing the emergence of resistant pathogens, loss of genetic variability and diversity of microorganisms in production systems. Thus, management alternatives such as biological control is a promising strategy aimed at reducing and/or replacing chemical control. Thus, the objective was to determine the efficiency of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Trichoderma asperellum on the sanitary and physiological quality of BRS Ponta Negra sorghum seeds. The experiments were carried out at the Phytopathology Laboratory (LAFIT) belonging to the Center for Agricultural Sciences at the Federal University of Paraíba (CCA-UFPB). Seeds were collected in producing areas at the Chã de Jardim Experimental Station (CCA-UFPB), 2020 harvest. The sanity test consisted of 10 replications with 20 seeds on each plate. The germination test consisted of four repetitions of 50 seeds each and conditioned in a B.O.D. chamber, the evaluations occurred during 10 days, the variables analyzed were the percentage of germination (GE), first count (PC), germination speed index (IVG), length of shoot (CPA) and root (CPR) dry matter of shoot (MSPA) and root (MSR). The emergence test was carried out in a greenhouse in polypropylene plastic trays, with substrate using four replications of 50 seeds, analyzed the following: emergence percentage (EM), emergence speed index (IVE), shoot length (CPA) and root (CPR), shoot dry matter (MSPA) and root (MSR). Results obtained in the sanity test observed the incidence of fungal genera associated with BRS Ponta Negra sorghum seeds were Aternaria, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Helmithosporium, Fusarium and Nigrospora. It was concluded that all concentrations of antagonists had a positive influence on the reduction of incidence of Alternaria sp. and Cladosporium sp. and physiological quality.