Governança climática e inovação: uma revisão sistemática de literatura das oportunidades e limitações do mercado de carbono para o Brasil

Abstract

Global climate governance has faced numerous challenges and restructurings since the signing of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992. The commitment to reducing Greenhouse Gases (GHG) has been a concern on the international political agenda, both for industrialized countries, which need to remain aligned with this initiative, and also for emerging nations, which find an opportunity to develop through cooperative efforts in this field. In this sense, we seek to understand the insertion of innovation, through the support of the State and institutions, in the promotion of academic research on climate governance, particularly focusing on decarbonization mechanisms, such as the carbon market, which promote economic and technological advancement of the global South. Specificities of the Brazilian case are considered, a country with great potential on the international sustainable development agenda. This research seeks to answer the following question: What does the literature discuss about the carbon market from the perspective of developing countries? For this purpose, a preliminary search was carried out with 58 articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, of which 15 were selected for in-depth analysis. Based on the created categorization, the following points were established: technological innovation, investments in offset projects, standardization of article 6 and new market factors, as well as progress in national market legislation and regulations, represent the side of opportunities; meanwhile, the lack of technical capacity, effective market management mechanisms, political cooperation issues, economic factors that affect the generation and commercialization of credits and lack of effective regulation, correspond to the limitations. Among the results found, 40% of the publications only deal with limitations, 40% refer to opportunities and 20% talk about both.