Análise comparativa do cultivo de tilápias produzidas em sistemas de tanque-rede e de recirculação de água

Abstract

Aquaculture is a zootechnical activity that allows the production of aquatic animals in a controlled environment in intensive systems that can be converted into various products in the consumer market, one of the most important branches being fish farming. In the latter, we have a subdivision of increasing importance, which is tilapia farming, which shows the prominent place that this fish species has in this branch of agricultural production. In Brazil, this activity has contributed to the economic and social development of different regions, by reducing hunger and generating employment and income. Among the different production systems created by fish farming in the last ten years, an intensive system that uses net tanks stands out, and another known as a water recirculation system, considered super intensive, and these two systems were used to generate data that allowed the production of the present TCC, in which a comparative study of productive efficiency in the cultivation of tilapias in these two production systems was carried out. Data research was carried out in two municipalities in Paraíba: the first was Itapororoca, where data were collected on tilapia cultivation in three net-tanks, while the second municipality was Mari, also in Paraíba; there, tilapia cultivation was carried out using the water recirculation system (RAS), where its cultivation was also monitored in three tanks. The data collected throughout the tilapia production cycle in both cultivation systems allowed a detailed analysis of each production process to be carried out and to observe which of the two systems proved to be more efficient under different evaluation criteria, as defined in the methodology of field research. In the end, it was noticed a notable superiority of the RAS system in relation to the net-tanks, either from the technical and economic point of view, or from the environmental impacts that the system generates. It should be remembered, however, that this does not negate the importance and viability of cultivating tilapia in net cages, as each production system has certain characteristics that make it of great economic and financial importance, depending on the general conditions of production, such as water availability, soil characteristics and climate aspects.