Protocolos de tratamento de leishmaniose visceral canina(LVC): Uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

A geographically distributed disease, visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar presents anthroponotic and/or zoonosis characteristics. The protozoan that causes leishmaniasis is sarcomastigóphore, genus Leishmania, having sandflies belonging to the Psychodidae family as vectors. CVL is considered a Public Health situation due to its rapid spread and high lethality. Dogs with CVL are considered one of the main reservoirs of the disease, some may be asymptomatic (they represent risks as sources of infection for sandflies). Clinical signs vary according to the species of parasite and the immune response of the host, and may affect the skin, mucous membranes and viscera. The treatment seeks to improve the therapeutic approach, clinical signs and reduction of the parasitic load. The present work aims to compile CVL treatment protocols reported in the literature, verifying their effectiveness. This research has a descriptive character, whose methodology was chosen qualitative and quantitative the research sought general characteristics about Leishmaniasis and CVL; subsequently there was delimitation for diagnosis, protocols/treatments, in order to answer the main objective of this research. The researched scientific articles were selected from a time frame of 2000-2012 and 2012-2022, the result may contain gaps regarding the mention of all articles, the number of articles listed possibly does not fully meet the reality of all research carried out, published, however, for the purpose proposed in the present work, the author considers the quantity relevant. At the end of the research, the results presented indicated protocols that are oriented according to the stage of the disease, immunomodulatory agents, leishmanicides, leishmaniatics. As for the established treatment protocols, there are: allopurinol with domperidone and miltefosine; LaSap with Allopurinol; amphotericin B + allopurinol + prednisone; meglumine antimoniate + allopurinol; liposomal meglumine antimoniate and monoclonal antibodies to canine IL-10 receptor alpha and beta subunits; Aminosidine; n methyl glucamine (Glucantime) and sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam); and Marbofloxacin. We glimpse, from the research, some treatment possibilities for CVL, with protocols that may be more viable, with encouraging results that correspond to the desires of researchers and veterinarians, the staging of the disease and the remission of clinical signs. more research is needed to delve deeper into these protocols, in order to ratify them and disseminate them to the various responsible bodies (WHO, CRMV, MS), thus providing a range of possibilities for tackling this disease that affects so many animals.