Atributos químicos e biológicos na rizosfera de espécies nativas da Caatinga de um neossolo litólico

Abstract

In view of the richness that emphasizes the importance and authenticity of the Caatinga biome, the misuse of extractive practices by the population living in this region is still very persistent, which ends up harming their biome. Knowing the importance of maintaining this biome’s biodiversity and fertility through native plants, it was questioned whether the cultivation of leguminous species native to the Caatinga, and also non-leguminous trees located in preserved forest, under a specific soil class, could influence the chemical and biological properties of a Litholic Neosol and, furthermore, promote an improvement in the fertility of a degraded pasture area, with no vegetation and belonging to the same soil class. The research was carried out during two periods (the rainy season of July 2019 and the dry season of December 2020) and in two distinct areas belonging to the Caatinga biome, one of Preserved Forest (MP) and the other of Degraded Area (AD), both located at the Professor Ignácio Salcedo Experimental Station, of the Brazilian Semi-Arid National Institute (INSA). Soil samples were collected randomly, with the aid of a steel cylinder, from near the rhizosphere of the species, and later taken and separated for physical, chemical and biological analyses. The results showed that species such as the Bauhinia forficate (the Brazilian orchid tree) and the Aspidosperma pyrifolium (known locally as “pereiro”) are species to be considered in the maintenance of fertility, and possibly in the recovery of areas with degradation rates for the Litholic Neosol soil class.